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Colposcopy

Colposcopy is a procedure in which a special magnifying device with a light, called a colposcope, is used to visually examine the vagina and cervix.

A colposcopy is usually done when a Pap test is abnormal. It gives more information about abnormal cells that could lead to cancer. The procedure can be used to direct the location of where a tissue biopsy should be done, and it can also be used to monitor treatment of cervix abnormalities. Additionally, colposcopy may be used to make a visual inspection of the cervix, vaginal walls, or vulva.

The colposcopy is done in a doctor’s office and takes about 5-10
minutes. As in a pelvic exam, you lie on your back with your feet
in stirrups. The doctor inserts a speculum into your vagina, spreading the vaginal walls apart to see the inside of the vagina and the cervix. He or she will place the colposcope at the opening of the vagina and wipe the cervix with a mild solution on a cotton swab. The solution makes abnormal areas easier to see. The cervix and vagina are examined, and photographs may be taken. The doctor may stop and recommend doing a biopsy—the removal of a small sample of abnormal tissue to be examined in a lab. Although the area will probably be numbed for the biopsy, you may feel a slight pinch and cramping. The colposcopy itself is usually painless, but you may feel a slight stinging from the solution on the cervix and vagina. If you are having a biopsy, you may feel a slight pinch and mild cramping. Taking a few slow, deep breaths can help relieve this.

If only the colposcopy is done, there are no complications. However, if a biopsy is done, possible complications include bleeding, infection, and fever. If you do not have a biopsy, you will probably feel fine after the colpsocopy and can do your normal activities. You may have light bleeding for a couple of days.

The doctor will talk with you about what he or she saw. Results from a biopsy should be ready in one week. The results will determine whether you need further testing or treatment.