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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria that have spread from the rectum or vagina to the urethra and bladder. They could be caused by a sexually transmitted infection, but not always. UTIs include infections of the bladder — also called cystitis; the ureters — the tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder; and the urethra — the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Severe cases, left untreated, may cause kidney infection.

Common Symptoms — if they occur

• burning pain during urination
  
• the urge to urinate when the bladder is nearly empty
  
• a frequent urge to urinate, especially at night
  
• involuntary loss of urine
  
• lower abdominal pain or back pain
  
• blood and pus in urine
  
• fever

UTIs are common in women and men who are sexually active. They affect women more often than men because a woman's urethra is shorter than a man's and bacteria may get to the bladder more easily. A woman's urethra is also closer to the anus than a man's.

How UTIs are spread

Anything — from sex play to toilet water splashing — that brings particles of fecal material into contact with the vagina and urethra can cause UTIs. Unprotected anal intercourse is a very high-risk behavior for urinary tract infection. Some women who use the diaphragm or shield are susceptible to frequent UTIs.

Diagnosis: Consult your clinician to confirm diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment

• antibiotics
  
• Pyridium may relieve symptoms but will not cure the infection.

To prevent urinary tract infections or discourage them from returning:

• Drink when you are thirsty.
  
• Urinate as soon as you feel the urge.
  
• Drink unsweetened cranberry juice.
  
• Urinate immediately before and after intercourse.
  
• Avoid using any sexual position that seems to trigger UTIs.
  
• Keep the pubic area clean and dry.
  
• Use latex or female condoms during vaginal or anal intercourse.
  
• Use lubricants during vaginal intercourse — especially if the vagina is dry.